MARL040 — Apply advanced principles of marine mechanics

1 Apply principle of statics to determine forces in structures, connections, support systems, and trusses in two and three dimensions

• 1.1Bows notation is applied to solve problems related to trusses
• 1.2Individual loads are computed using method of sections
• 1.3Forces in three-dimensional structures are calculated
• 1.4Principle of moments is applied to solve moments of any quantity
• 1.5Resultant of a system of co-planer forces is calculated
• 1.6Twisting moment due to engine crank mechanisms is calculated
• 1.7Moments of areas and solids are calculated
• 1.8Equilibrium of solids is explained

2 Calculate friction torque in plate and cone clutches

• 2.1Laws of friction are applied to develop formulae, using uniform wear, to find the torque in a plate, centrifugal and cone clutch
• 2.2Laws of friction are applied to develop formulae, using uniform pressure, to find the torque in plate and cone clutches
• 2.3Power to overcome friction in plate and cone clutches using uniform wear and uniform pressure formulae is computed
• 2.4Laws of friction are applied to solve problems involving friction in inclined planes, including angle of repose
• 2.5Friction theory is applied to solve problems involving screw threads

3 Calculate displacement, velocity and acceleration in cams, engine mechanisms and gear systems

• 3.1Output of epicyclic gears is calculated by applying relative velocity and acceleration theory
• 3.2Problems of linear and angular motion involving uniform acceleration and deceleration are solved
• 3.3Velocity and acceleration diagrams are applied to illustrate relative velocity and acceleration
• 3.4Inertia loads are calculated using piston velocity and acceleration equations
• 3.5Problems involving free falling bodies are solved

4 Analyse forces and couples to balance reciprocating machinery

• 4.1How primary force balance is obtained is graphically illustrated
• 4.2Relationship between complete balance and dynamic balance is explained
• 4.3Reciprocating piston acceleration formula is applied to differentiate between primary and secondary forces
• 4.4Complete balance for a multicylinder reciprocating engine or machine is illustrated graphically using vector diagrams and computed analytically
• 4.5Relationship between momentum and impulse is explained
• 4.6Conservation of energy theory is applied to problems involving collision of perfectly elastic bodies

5 Apply simple harmonic motion (SHM) principles to solve problems in free and forced vibration

• 5.1Differences in the terms amplitude, frequency and period are explained
• 5.2SHM equations are derived from the scotch yoke mechanism
• 5.3Equations for displacement, velocity, acceleration and frequency in SHM are developed
• 5.4Displacement, velocity, acceleration and frequency in SHM in a vibrating spring-mass system are determined
• 5.5Spring constant (k) for springs in series and parallel is calculated
• 5.6Forced vibration caused by an out-of-balance rotating mass is analysed to derive an expression for amplitude of forced vibration
• 5.7Dangers of resonance are explained

6 Calculate stresses in components

• 6.1How rotational stress is generated by centrifugal force is explained
• 6.2Formula for hoop stress in a rotating ring is applied to calculate hoop stress and/or limiting speed of rotation
• 6.3Stresses in compound bars subject to axial loads and/or temperature change are determined
• 6.4Reduction in area and percentage elongation of tensile test specimens is calculated
• 6.5Stresses in composite bodies of dissimilar dimensions and dissimilar materials are calculated
• 6.6Problems involving thermal stress on components due to temperature change with free and restricted expansion are solved

7 Apply strain energy and resilience theory to determine stresses caused by impact or suddenly applied loads

• 7.1Equation is derived to calculate strain energy in a deformed material
• 7.2Stress in a material due to impact or dynamic loads is determined using energy equation
• 7.3Equation to calculate stress caused by suddenly applied loads is derived

8 Apply beam theory to solve problems

• 8.1Reactions of a loaded beam are calculated
• 8.2Shear force and bending moment diagrams are constructed for simply supported and cantilever beams
• 8.3Shear force and bending moment diagrams for beams with concentrated and uniformly distributed loads are calculated
• 8.4Beam equation is applied to derive stresses in beams loaded with concentrated and uniformly distributed loads
• 8.5Beam equation is applied to calculate bending stresses
• 8.6Macaulay’s method is applied to calculate beam deflection
• 8.7Deflection of cantilever and simply supported beams is calculated using standard deflection formulae for different loads

9 Apply Euler’s formula to find buckling load of a column

• 9.1Effective length of a column with various end restraints is determined
• 9.2Slenderness ratio is applied to determine the strength of columns
• 9.3Relationship between slenderness ratio and buckling is explained
• 9.4How buckling load for a slender column is applied, including a factor of safety

10 Calculate stresses

• 10.1How to combine stress formula and calculate stress with combined loading is explained
• 10.2Superposition is used to describe stress due to combined axial and bending stress
• 10.3Mohr’s Circle is employed to illustrate normal and shear stress
• 10.4Principal stress formulae are applied to explain how maximum combined normal and shear stress can be obtained

11 Apply thick and thin shell formulae

• 11.1Tangential stress distribution caused by internal and external pressure is analysed
• 11.2Lame’s theorem is applied to describe stress in thick cylinders due to internal and external pressure
• 11.3Stress on thin-shelled pressure vessels due to internal pressure is calculated
• 11.4Formula for calculating stress on thin-shelled pressure vessels to incorporate special conditions is modified

12 Apply continuity equation to determine changes in fluid velocity

• 12.1Conservation of energy theory is applied to calculate pressure, head and velocity of fluids flowing through orifices
• 12.2Volumetric and mass flow through a venturi meter is calculated
• 12.3Forces exerted by flowing fluids either free (jet) or contained are determined, including coefficients of velocity, contraction of area and discharge

13 Determine changes in fluid flows through pipe systems and centrifugal pumps

• 13.1Variation of fluid pressure with depth is calculated
• 13.2Bernoulli’s Theorem is used to solve problems of velocity, pressure and head in pipes and ducted systems
• 13.3Archimedes’ Principle is used to solve problems related to floating vessels using real and apparent weight
• 13.4Difference between steady and unsteady flow is clarified
• 13.5Viscosity of fluids is analysed and difference between dynamic and kinematic viscosity is explained
• 13.6Significance of Reynolds number in fluid mechanics is explained
• 13.7Importance of critical Reynolds number is explained
• 13.8Flow losses in pipes and fittings are calculated
• 13.9Changes of velocity of liquids in a centrifugal pump are analysed and entry and exit vane angles are determined

14 Apply torsion theory to calculate stress

• 14.1Twisting moment due to engine crank mechanisms is calculated
• 14.2Torsion equation is applied to solve problems involving solid and hollow shafts
• 14.3Power transmitted in shafts and coupling bolts is calculated
• 14.4Torsion equation is applied to calculate stress and deflection in a close-coiled helical spring
• 14.5Power transmitted by shafts and couplings is calculated

15 Solve problems using principles of dynamics

• 15.1Centripetal force is distinguished from centrifugal force
• 15.2Relationship between centripetal and centrifugal force and mass, angular velocity and radius is clarified
• 15.3Problems are solved involving centripetal and centrifugal forces
• 15.4Centripetal acceleration is distinguished from centrifugal force
• 15.5Out-of-balance forces on co-planer systems are calculated
• 15.6Bearing reactions in rotating shafts are determined
• 15.7Radius of gyration and moment of inertion when applied to rotating bodies is explained
• 15.8Centrifugal forces in governors are calculated
• 15.9Principles of dynamics are applied to solve problems involving rotating bodies, accelerating shafts, motors and flywheels

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To satisfy the Principles of Assessment and Rules of Evidence, an assessment for MARL040 needs to address all 157 unit components: 15 elements with 85 performance criteria, 8 performance evidence requirements, 64 knowledge evidence requirements, and the foundation skills. A coverage matrix mapping each question and task to these components is what an auditor looks for.

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